23andMe
Founded in 2006, 23andMe built its name on pairing ancestry with health reporting. The Ancestry Service returns a percentage breakdown by population, a maternal haplogroup, a paternal haplogroup for male testers, Neanderthal variants and an opt in relative finder. The Health and Ancestry tier adds carrier status and predisposition reports under FDA authorisations. The company filed for Chapter 11 in March 2025 and its assets went to TTAM Research Institute, the nonprofit founded by co-founder Anne Wojcicki.
A sensible pick for testers who want haplogroups and health information from a single tube. Less convincing for tree building: matches carry no attached genealogies, so contact depends on messaging. Anyone uneasy about custody of genetic data should read the current privacy terms closely, especially after the 2023 credential stuffing incident that exposed millions of profiles.
Pros
- Maternal and paternal haplogroups included
- Health reports with FDA authorised claims
- Detailed chromosome painting by population
- Opt in relative finder with messaging
- Regular free report updates
Cons
- Ownership changed after 2025 bankruptcy
- No family trees attached to matches
- Subscription needed for the fullest reports
- Past security breach affecting user data
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